Meta-analysis and systematic review on edipemiology of healthcare, associated infection in developing countries: a case study in a chinese hospital

I10, I12Healthcare-associated infection is the most frequent result of unsafe patient care worldwide, but few data are available from the developing world. We aimed to assess there cent epidemiology of healthcare-associated infection in developing countries. We searched electronic database and relevant list of articles containing full or partial prevalence or incidence data of healthcare-associate infection from developing countries. Pooled data has been considered in the analysis. In addition, in order to explore prevalence of healthcare-associated in a hospital-wide case, a raw surveillance data in a Chinese hospital was analyzed. The final eligibility criteria both for inclusion and exclusion in the study were met by 155 studies. In general, prevalence of healthcare-associated infection(pooled prevalence in high quality studies,10.5per 100 patients [95%CI 6.1-14.9]) was higher than that in USA and Europe. But prevalence in the Chinese hospital(prevalence of infected patients, 1.97 per 100 patients)even lower than the minimum value of an official study in European countries. Thus, rate of healthcare-associated prevalence in developing higher than developed countries is a general pattern. Since difference of three between yearly prevalence rates in the Chinese hospital were statistically significant, we concluded prevalence rate decreased over times. Higher prevalence of HAI showed in patients whose length of hospitalization excessed average figure, thus, it is better to reasonably shorten hospitalization day to prevent healthcare-associated infection. INICC multidimensional infection control approaches have a successful intervention effect.As infeções associadas aos cuidados de saúde são o resultado mais frequente de práticas de saúde inseguras em pacientes, presentes em todo o mundo, mas são poucos os dados disponíveis dos países em desenvolvimento. O nosso objetivo foi avaliar a recente epidemiologia das infeções associadas aos cuidados de saúde nestes países. Foram usadas para pesquisa bases de dados eletrónicas e uma lista de artigos relevantes, contendo dados de prevalência total ou parcial, ou dados de incidência associados a estas infeções em países em desenvolvimento. A análise teve em consideração o conjunto dos dados obtidos. Para além disso, a fim de explorar a prevalência dos cuidados de saúde no caso específico dos hospitais, foram tidos em atenção dados em bruto de um hospital chinês. Os critérios de elegibilidade finais, tanto de inclusão como de exclusão no estudo, foram cumpridos por 155 casos. No geral, a prevalência de infeções associadas aos cuidados de saúde (prevalência conjunta em estudos de alta qualidade, de 10,5 por 100 pacientes [95% CI 6,1-14,9]) foi maior do que nos EUA e na Europa. Mas a prevalência no hospital chinês (prevalência de pacientes infetados, 1,97 por 100 pacientes) éainda menor do que o valor mínimo de um estudo oficial em países europeus. Assim, no geral, a taxa de prevalência de infeções associadas aos cuidados de saúde nos países em desenvolvimento é superior à dos países desenvolvidos. Uma vez que a diferença entre as taxas de prevalência anual, analisando os três casos, foi estatisticamente significativa no caso do hospital chinês, concluímos que a taxa de prevalência diminuiu ao longo do tempo. A maior prevalência de infeções associadas aos cuidados de saúde apresenta-se em pacientes cujo tempo de internamento excede o valor médio, sendo assim melhor encurtar razoavelmente o dia de internamento para prevenir infeções associadas aos cuidados de saúde. As abordagens aplicadas pelo International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) no controlo multidimensional das infeções têm um efeito de intervenção bem-sucedido

Research on damping parameter identification of elastomer buffer

The object of this paper is the changing process of damping force as the falling weight impacting the elastomer buffer. The whole mechanical system is built up through practical test and simulation. According to the type of elastomer buffer and the experimental process in shock environment, velocity damping force identification model was established. Wavelet denoising and least square method were used for parameter identification of damping force. Considering the data saturation problem in the traditional least square method, the limited memory least square method was obtained to improve the identification method. The results of parameter identification of damping force based on limited memory method proved that the limited memory method was superior to least square method. The numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the identification model

Experimental study on a certain elastomer buffer with dynamic identification method

The damping force of elastomer buffer in shock environment is the research object of this paper. The impact experiment and data simulation are used to understand the whole mechanical system. Equation with velocity and damping force is used for modeling according to the specific type of the elastomer buffer. The data of velocity and damping force is obtained by experimental data collection and pretreatment. Genetic algorithm is used to identify parameters according to the time invariant feature of traditional model. Through the results of parameter identification by genetic algorithm it seems that the parameters have the time-varying characteristics. Therefore, time-varying method is used for parameter identification. Limited memory method, which is obtained by the improvement of traditional least square method, is used for time-varying parameter identification. And the fitting accuracy of the identification results is better than that of genetic algorithm. The numerical results prove that the model is effective and parameters are time-varying

Benchmarking the Physical-world Adversarial Robustness of Vehicle Detection

Adversarial attacks in the physical world can harm the robustness of detection models. Evaluating the robustness of detection models in the physical world can be challenging due to the time-consuming and labor-intensive nature of many experiments. Thus, virtual simulation experiments can provide a solution to this challenge. However, there is no unified detection benchmark based on virtual simulation environment. To address this challenge, we proposed an instant-level data generation pipeline based on the CARLA simulator. Using this pipeline, we generated the DCI dataset and conducted extensive experiments on three detection models and three physical adversarial attacks. The dataset covers 7 continuous and 1 discrete scenes, with over 40 angles, 20 distances, and 20,000 positions. The results indicate that Yolo v6 had strongest resistance, with only a 6.59% average AP drop, and ASA was the most effective attack algorithm with a 14.51% average AP reduction, twice that of other algorithms. Static scenes had higher recognition AP, and results under different weather conditions were similar. Adversarial attack algorithm improvement may be approaching its 'limitation'.Comment: CVPR 2023 worksho

Quark Mass Ratios in ChPT with the Difference of Quark Condensates Considered

The chiral effective Lagrangian for pseudoscalar nonet is constructed in consideration of isospin breaking. And the difference of quark condensates is taken accounted. The SU(3) singlet eta0 is not taken as Goldstone-boson. The mixing with and without isospin symmetry is considered. The quark mass ratios are obtained through solving the mass equations of mesons. We estimate the change of quark mass ratios according to the change of the masses of pion+ and kaon+ to see how the electromagnetic corrections affect our results. It turn out that massless up quark is possible. The upper limit for mu/md is around 0.39. 2ms/(mu+md)=24.23~25.12. The values for quark condensate ratios and other constants are limited in narrow ranges.Comment: 10 page